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Quick steps: Create and use an SSH public-private key pair for Linux VMs in Azure.; 4 minutes to read +4; In this article. With a secure shell (SSH) key pair, you can create virtual machines (VMs) in Azure that use SSH keys for authentication, eliminating the need for passwords to sign in. –generic-ip-address is to specify the remote ip-address where the docker-vm host should be created. Docker-vm-name is the name that you want to give to the remote docker-vm that will be created by the docker-machine command. This can be anything. The following docker-machine syntax shows all available options.
Jan 15, 2020 The container has little overhead, compared to the RAM and other requirements of a virtual machine. However, that does not mean that when you run containers your apps will necessarily be faster than those run on a VMware virtual machine. Virtual machine platforms like VMware ESXi, Xen, and KVM have performance rivalling that of bare metal. Apr 13, 2020 The Container-Optimized OS image pulls the container image from the repository and starts the container when the VM starts, using the docker run command configuration stored in the instance's metadata. / Steps to create a VM instance or a managed instance group running a container Limitations. You can only deploy one container for each VM instance.
-->With a secure shell (SSH) key pair, you can create virtual machines (VMs) in Azure that use SSH keys for authentication, eliminating the need for passwords to sign in. This article shows you how to quickly generate and use an SSH public-private key file pair for Linux VMs. You can complete these steps with the Azure Cloud Shell, a macOS or Linux host, the Windows Subsystem for Linux, and other tools that support OpenSSH.
Note
VMs created using SSH keys are by default configured with passwords disabled, which greatly increases the difficulty of brute-force guessing attacks.
For more background and examples, see Detailed steps to create SSH key pairs.
For additional ways to generate and use SSH keys on a Windows computer, see How to use SSH keys with Windows on Azure.
Supported SSH key formats
Azure currently supports SSH protocol 2 (SSH-2) RSA public-private key pairs with a minimum length of 2048 bits. Other key formats such as ED25519 and ECDSA are not supported.
Create an SSH key pair
Use the ssh-keygen command to generate SSH public and private key files. By default, these files are created in the ~/.ssh directory. You can specify a different location, and an optional password (passphrase) to access the private key file. If an SSH key pair with the same name exists in the given location, those files are overwritten.
The following command creates an SSH key pair using RSA encryption and a bit length of 4096:
If you use the Azure CLI to create your VM with the az vm create command, you can optionally generate SSH public and private key files using the --generate-ssh-keys option. The key files are stored in the ~/.ssh directory unless specified otherwise with the --ssh-dest-key-path option. The --generate-ssh-keys option will not overwrite existing key files, instead returning an error. In the following command, replace VMname and RGname with your own values:
Provide an SSH public key when deploying a VM
To create a Linux VM that uses SSH keys for authentication, specify your SSH public key when creating the VM using the Azure portal, Azure CLI, Azure Resource Manager templates, or other methods:
If you're not familiar with the format of an SSH public key, you can display your public key with the following cat command, replacing ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub with the path and filename of your own public key file if needed:
A typical public key value looks like this example:
If you copy and paste the contents of the public key file to use in the Azure portal or a Resource Manager template, make sure you don't copy any trailing whitespace. To copy a public key in macOS, you can pipe the public key file to pbcopy. Similarly in Linux, you can pipe the public key file to programs such as xclip.
The public key that you place on your Linux VM in Azure is by default stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub, unless you specified a different location when you created the key pair. To use the Azure CLI 2.0 to create your VM with an existing public key, specify the value and optionally the location of this public key using the az vm create command with the --ssh-key-values option. In the following command, replace VMname, RGname, and keyFile with your own values:
If you want to use multiple SSH keys with your VM, you can enter them in a space-separated list, like this --ssh-key-values sshkey-desktop.pub sshkey-laptop.pub.
SSH into your VM
With the public key deployed on your Azure VM, and the private key on your local system, SSH into your VM using the IP address or DNS name of your VM. In the following command, replace azureuser and myvm.westus.cloudapp.azure.com with the administrator user name and the fully qualified domain name (or IP address):
If you specified a passphrase when you created your key pair, enter that passphrase when prompted during the login process. The VM is added to your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and you won't be asked to connect again until either the public key on your Azure VM changes or the server name is removed from ~/.ssh/known_hosts.
If the VM is using the just-in-time access policy, you need to request access before you can connect to the VM. For more information about the just-in-time policy, see Manage virtual machine access using the just in time policy.
Next steps
For more information on working with SSH key pairs, see Detailed steps to create and manage SSH key pairs.
If you have difficulties with SSH connections to Azure VMs, see Troubleshoot SSH connections to an Azure Linux VM.
Terraform allows you to define and create complete infrastructure deployments in Azure. You build Terraform templates in a human-readable format that create and configure Azure resources in a consistent, reproducible manner. This article shows you how to create a complete Linux environment and supporting resources with Terraform. You can also learn how to install and configure Terraform.
Note
For Terraform specific support, please reach out to Terraform directly using one of their community channels:
The Terraform section of the community portal contains questions, use cases, and useful patterns.
For provider-related questions please visit the Terraform Providers section of the community portal.
Create Azure connection and resource group
Let's go through each section of a Terraform template. You can also see the full version of the Terraform template that you can copy and paste.
The provider section tells Terraform to use an Azure provider. To get values for subscription_id, client_id, client_secret, and tenant_id, see Install and configure Terraform.
Tip
If you create environment variables for the values or are using the Azure Cloud Shell Bash experience , you don't need to include the variable declarations in this section.
The following section creates a resource group named myResourceGroup in the eastus location:
In additional sections, you reference the resource group with ${azurerm_resource_group.myterraformgroup.name}.
Create virtual network
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The following section creates a virtual network named myVnet in the 10.0.0.0/16 address space:
The following section creates a subnet named mySubnet in the myVnet virtual network:
Create public IP address
To access resources across the Internet, create and assign a public IP address to your VM. The following section creates a public IP address named myPublicIP:
Create Network Security Group
Network Security Groups control the flow of network traffic in and out of your VM. The following section creates a network security group named myNetworkSecurityGroup and defines a rule to allow SSH traffic on TCP port 22:
Create virtual network interface card
A virtual network interface card (NIC) connects your VM to a given virtual network, public IP address, and network security group. The following section in a Terraform template creates a virtual NIC named myNIC connected to the virtual networking resources you've created:
Create storage account for diagnostics
To store boot diagnostics for a VM, you need a storage account. These boot diagnostics can help you troubleshoot problems and monitor the status of your VM. The storage account you create is only to store the boot diagnostics data. As each storage account must have a unique name, the following section generates some random text:
Now you can create a storage account. The following section creates a storage account, with the name based on the random text generated in the preceding step:
Create virtual machine
The final step is to create a VM and use all the resources created. The following section creates a VM named myVM and attaches the virtual NIC named myNIC. The latest Ubuntu 16.04-LTS image is used, and a user named azureuser is created with password authentication disabled.
SSH key data is provided in the ssh_keys section. Provide a public SSH key in the key_data field.
Complete Terraform script
To bring all these sections together and see Terraform in action, create a file called terraform_azure.tf and paste the following content:
Build and deploy the infrastructure
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With your Terraform template created, the first step is to initialize Terraform. This step ensures that Terraform has all the prerequisites to build your template in Azure.
The next step is to have Terraform review and validate the template. This step compares the requested resources to the state information saved by Terraform and then outputs the planned execution. The Azure resources aren't created at this point.
After you execute the previous command, you should see something like the following screen:
If everything looks correct and you're ready to build the infrastructure in Azure, apply the template in Terraform:
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Once Terraform completes, your VM infrastructure is ready. Obtain the public IP address of your VM with az vm show:
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You can then SSH to your VM: