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While Encrypting a File with a Password from the Command Line using OpenSSLis very useful in its own right, the real power of the OpenSSL library is itsability to support the use of public key cryptograph for encrypting orvalidating data in an unattended manner (where the password is not required toencrypt) is done with public keys.

The Commands to Run

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Generate a 2048 bit RSA Key

You can generate a public and private RSA key pair like this:

openssl genrsa -des3 -out private.pem 2048

That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provideand writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You willuse this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it canonly be read with the private key.

The problem with hash-functions such as md5 and sha. are that they were not designed to solve the problem you have: create a cryptographic hard key for further use. They were design to calculate hashes very very fast without having a too high chance of hash-collisions.

What type of hashing method is used for the private key to encrypt for signing messages? Ask Question. Is it to do with knowing the real hash value of the message and then comparing it to the hash+padding value in the signature? – Breakhty May 16 '15 at 12:50. Add a comment 1. Here's a link to a related question. So hashes are said to generate the same thing for any information it sees, and it's only a one-way interaction. Note that we cannot prove that hash functions do provide this functionality. And then everyone can verify the signature against the document's hash with the company's public key. Feb 17, 2006  In brief, a hash is the integer result of an algorithm (known as a hash function) applied to a given string. You feed said algorithm a string and you get back an integer. If you use an efficient hash function then there will be only a small chance that two different strings will yield the same hash value. May 14, 2007  A Chained hash table is one where the data is stored in linked lists which contain all of the data entries whose keys map to the same hash value. The linked list (or bucket) can grow to contain as many entries as required but as the list grows it becomes gradually less efficient in the speed at which the entries can be accessed. Suppose we do have that magic function that would tell us the index for a given value. With this magic function our search is reduced to just one probe, giving us a constant runtime O(1). Such a function is called a hash function. A hash function is a function which when given a key, generates an address in the table. Do we still need to talk about Data Vault 2.0 Hash keys? Read in 15 min A few days ago, I ran into the article “Hash Keys In The Data Vault”, published recently (2017-04-28) on the the Scalefree Company blog. Scalefree is a company, founded by Dan Linstedt and Michael Olschminke. Linstedt is the inventor.

Export the RSA Public Key to a File

This is a command that is

openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem

The -pubout flag is really important. Be sure to include it.

Next open the public.pem and ensure that it starts with-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----. This is how you know that this file is thepublic key of the pair and not a private key.

To check the file from the command line you can use the less command, like this:

less public.pem

Do Not Run This, it Exports the Private Key

A previous version of the post gave this example in error.

openssl rsa -in private.pem -out private_unencrypted.pem -outform PEM

The error is that the -pubout was dropped from the end of the command.That changes the meaning of the command from that of exporting the public keyto exporting the private key outside of its encrypted wrapper. Inspecting theoutput file, in this case private_unencrypted.pem clearly shows that the keyis a RSA private key as it starts with -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----.

Visually Inspect Your Key Files

It is important to visually inspect you private and public key files to makesure that they are what you expect. OpenSSL will clearly explain the nature ofthe key block with a -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- or -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----. Generate public key from private key github.

You can use less to inspect each of your two files in turn:

  • less private.pem to verify that it starts with a -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  • less public.pem to verify that it starts with a -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----

The next section shows a full example of what each key file should look like.

The Generated Key Files

The generated files are base64-encoded encryption keys in plain text format.If you select a password for your private key, its file will be encrypted withyour password. Be sure to remember this password or the key pair becomes useless.

The private.pem file looks something like this:

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How Do An Hash Key That Generate Less Collution

The public key, public.pem, file looks like:

Protecting Your Keys

Depending on the nature of the information you will protect, it’s important tokeep the private key backed up and secret. The public key can be distributedanywhere or embedded in your web application scripts, such as in your PHP,Ruby, or other scripts. Again, backup your keys!

Remember, if the key goes away the data encrypted to it is gone. Keeping aprinted copy of the key material in a sealed envelope in a bank safety depositbox is a good way to protect important keys against loss due to fire or harddrive failure.

Oh, and one last thing.

If you, dear reader, were planning any funny business with the private key that I have just published here. Know that they were made especially for this series of blog posts. I do not use them for anything else.

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